Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a member of the TGFβ superfamily, is secreted as a 140-kDa homodimeric precursor, consisting of two identical 70-kDa monomers1. Each monomer consists of two parts: (i) a 25-kDa mature C-terminal region, which becomes bioactive after proteolytic cleavage and binds the AMH receptor II (AMHRII), inducing intracellular Smad-signalling2, and (ii) a proregion, which is important in AMH synthesis and the extracellular transport. The AMH precursor is cleaved at amino acid (aa) 451 between the two domains. An additional cleavage site at aa 229 in the pro-region is known, giving rise to three potential cleavage products3. Unlike other members of the TGF-β family, the proregion of the cleaved AMH is critical and enhances the activity of the mature C-terminal when the two cleaved peptides remain associated2-5. AMH undergoes proteolytic cleavage to become biologically active and additional proteolytic processing readily takes place5. This processing, which may differ between individuals, exposes new antigenic sites which may affect measurements as well as AMH epitopes being masked by protein interaction in the circulation5-6. Biological variability can be minimized by the measurement of AMH using liner epitope antibodies that are not impacted by post-translational modification (i.e. glycosylation or proteolytic processing).
nAMH is secreted by the Sertoli cells in males. During embryonic development, AMH is responsible for Müllerian duct regression. AMH continues to be produced by the testes until puberty and then decreases slowly to residual post-puberty values. In females, AMH is produced by the granulosa cells of small growing follicles from the 36th week of gestation onwards until menopause when levels become undetectable. The serum concentration of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) has gained widespread clinical use as a surrogate marker for ovarian reserve7-11. Currently, AMH measurements are used in human fertility counseling7, to predict age of menopause8,9, to diagnose polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)10-12, and to predict response to ovarian stimulation (OS)13,14. Other clinical applications of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) have been published in ovarian aging15, premature ovarian insufficiency16 ovarian tumors17.18 and many more. As AMH levels may have major implications for clinical decision-making during IVF procedures, egg donation, planning delayed childbearing and attaining optimal ovarian stimulation during treatment, PCOM diagnosis, AMH measurements should be reliable and consistent19.
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nREFERENCES
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n2. di Clemente, N., et al. (2010) Mol Endocrinol, 24 (11): 2193-2206.
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n4. Pankhurst MW., et al. (2013) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.; 305: E1241–E1247.
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n6. Kawagishi Y., et al. (2017) Mol Reprod Dev., 84:626–37.doi: 10.1002/mrd.22828
n7. Seifer DB., et al. (2011) Fertil Steril., 95:747–50.doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.011
n8. Dolleman M., et al. (2013) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 98:1946–53.doi: 10.1210/jc.201 2-4228
n9. Robertson, D.M., et al. (2014) Menopause., 21(12):1277-1286.
n10. Iliodromiti S., et al. (2013) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 98:3332–40.doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1393
n11. Wissing, M.L., et al. (2019) doi: //doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.002
n12. Dumont A., et al. (2015) Reprod Biol Endocrinol., 13:137.doi: 10.1186/s12958-015-0134-9
n13. Broer SL., et al. (2013) Hum Reprod Update., 19:26–36.doi: 10.1093/humupd/dms041
n14. Nelson SM., et al. (2009) Hum Reprod., 24:867–75.doi: 10.1093/humrep/den480
n15. Loh JS., et al. (2011) Hum Reprod., 26:2925–32.doi: 10.1093/humrep/der271
n16. Méduri G, et. Al.Hum Reprod. 2007; 22:117-23.
n17. Lee M, Donahoe., et al. (1996) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism., 81:571-575.
n18. Anderson R.A et al. (2006) Human Reproduction., Vol.21 (10): 2583–2592.
n19. Antibody compositions and Immunoassay Methods to detect Isoforms of Anti-Mullerian Hormone - AU2013342190
产品描述
The PCOCheck ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in human serum, Li-Heparin and K2 EDTA plasma. This assay is not impacted by AMH post translational modifications. It is intended to be used as an aid in the determination of ovarian reserve, and stratification of women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM).