nAChRs containing the α9 subunit are expressed in a variety of non-neuronal tissues starting from immune cells to breast carcinomas. The α9 subunit is able to form a functional homomeric receptor and in addition to co-assemble with the α10 subunit into functional heteromeric nAChRs.nα9-containing nAChRs play an important role in pain, inflammation, keratinocyte adhesion and in mediating synaptic transmission between the efferent olivocochlear fibers and cochlear hair cells.nAChRs are involved in pathologies, such as myasthenia, epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, autism, dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer’s disease, and addiction